Setup – Thoracotomy open

Thoracotomy may be described as posterior, postero-lateral, lateral, anterolateral and anterior. The patient is positioned on their contralateral side ensuring that the arm is flexed at the shoulder, drawing the scapula up the trunk is ‘broken’ at the subcostal margin with a sandbag and bent table. the knee and ankles are protected with jellybags to

Coronary – Distal coronary anastomosis – single-ended

Fashioning the vein This is undertaken after checking for leaks, usually during initial cardioplegia delivery, or just before going on bypass. The proximal end of the vein is held between the left thumb and index finger. Cut the vein end obliquely to make a rhombus-hood using a Mcindoe scissors. Ensure the edges are clean off adventitia.

Lines – Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Insertion

Ingredients Sterile field – gown, gloves, swabs, drapes, povidone-iodine, wound kit with scissors, scalpel, forceps, swab clamp Local anaesthetic – syringe, large needle, small needle, LA agent Balloon – introducer needle, 11 scalpel, guide-wire, dilator(s), balloon Pressure trace – pressurised hepsal bag, long connector Pump – connector Securing – #1 suture, swabs, adherent dressing  

Setup – Instituting CPB

Preparing for bypass Before the operation Ensure cross-matched blood available for perfusionist, to prime pump if needed, for cardioplegia, for blood loss. Check imaging, planned procedure for anatomy that could complicate cannulation. Aortic: e.g. calcification/plaques, porcelain aorta, aneurysms, number of proximal graft anastomoses, aortic aneurysm/dissection surgery, Venous: type of venous cannulation (bicaval or atrial) Ensure

Surgical chest drain

Procedure The patient is positioned sitting at 45 degrees, and hands above head to retract scapula. Scrub up (wash hands, hat, mask, gown, sterile gloves) Identify the triangle of safety: anteriorly the lateral border of pectoralis major, posteriorly the lateral border of latissimus dorsi and inferiorly the superior border of the 5th or 6th rib.