Trials
Revascularisation
CABG vs OMT
- ECSS – European Coronary Surgery Study
- CASS – Coronary Artery Surgery Study
CABG vs POBA
- BARI Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 1997 RCT n=1829
- RITA 1 Randomised Intervention Treatment of Angina
- ERACI Argentine Randomized Trial of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Multivessel Disease 1996 RCT n=1011
- MASS Medicine, Angioplasty or Surgery Study 1995 RCT n=214
- CABRI Coronary Angioplasty versus Bypass Revascularisation Investigation 1995 RCT n=1054
- SIMA Stenting vs Internal Mammary Artery 2000 n=123
- FMS
- GABI
CABG vs BMS
- ERACI II
- ARTS
- AWESOME
- SOS
- MASS II
CABG vs DES
- Park NEJM 2015 – DES vs CABG
- SYNTAX
- EXCEL
- ASCERT registry
CABG vs PCI – Left Main
- MAIN-COMPARE – Revascularization for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis: Comparison of Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty Versus Surgical Revascularization
- LE MANS – Study of Unprotected Left Main Stenting versus Bypass Surgery
- NOBLE – Nordic-Baltic-British Left Main Revascularization Study – CABG superior to DES for unprotected LMS
- SYNTAX
- PRECOMBAT – Premier of Randomized Comparison of Bypass Surgery versus Angioplasty Using Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in Patients with Left Main Coronary Artery Disease –
- Athappan meta-analysis DES vs CABG 2013 –
CABG vs PCI – Diabetics
- FREEDOM (Farkouh, NEJM 2012) – RCT:n=1900 – DES vs CABG in multi-vessel diabetics – mortality/MI/repeat lower in CABG at 5y, stroke higher (2.4 vs 5.2%)
- BARI2D
- CARDia BMS/DES vs CABG in multivessel diabetics at 1y
- VA CARDS
CABG vs PCI – Impaired LV
- STICH Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure –
Minimally invasive
- Blazek JACC 2015 – DES vs MIDCAB
- Blazek JACC 2013 – BMS vs MIDCAB
Timing
- FRISC-II – early revasc in NSTEMI
PCI without on-site CTS
- CPORT-E (NEJM 2012) – RCT n=18,867; non-inferior mortality at 6w, MACE at 9 months.
- MASS-COM (NEJM 2013) – RCT n=3691; non-inferior MACE at 30d, 12 months.
Off-pump
- BHACAS1, 2 (Angelini Lancet 2002) – Beating Heart Against Cardioplegic Arrest Studies – RCT:n=401
- Nathoe NEJM 2003 RCT:n=281
- SMART (Puskas JTCVS 2003)
- ROOBY (Shroyer NEJM 2009) –
- BBS Best Bypass Surgery Trial (Moller Circ 2010) – RCT:n=341 no difference at 30d, but all-cause mortality worse in OPCAB
- DOORS
- CORONARY
- GOPCABE
- MASS III
Conduits
- RAPCO
- RAPS
- Lytle (Cleveland Clinic 1999) – BIMA better than SIMA n=8000.
Valve
Aortic Valve
- MAVRIC – RCT: mini-sternotomy vs full sternotomy for isolated AVR; pts receiving RBC within 12 weeks.
- AVATAR – RCT: AVR vs watchful waiting in asymptomatic severe AS; MACE at 36mo
- COMMENCE (EJCTS 2017) – Cohort n=689: Magna-ease with Resilia bovine tissue valve (blocks Ca-binding aldehyde, preserved in glycerol); n=689; valve explant 0.2%, thromboembolism 2.1%, thrombosis 0%, endocarditis 0.9%, SVD 0% at 2 years.
- PROACT – Onyx valve
- VA RCT mechanical vs bio
- SALTIRE 2005 – statin in aortic calcification
TAVI
- PARTNER
- SURTAVI
- STACCATO
- PRAGMATIC
- CHOICE
- NOTION
Mitral Valve
- COAPT
- EVEREST
- POINT – MVA in moderate ischaemic M
- Reyes NEJM 1994 – RCT n=60 Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty vs Open – PBMV better at 3y
- Turi NEJM 1991 – RCT n=40 percutaneous vs closed valvuloplasty- similar outcomes
AF Ablation/LA Appendage
- PROTECT AF 2013 – device closure non-inferior to warfarin
- PREVAIL AF 2014 – device closure non-inferior to warfarin >7d
- FAST Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation Versus Surgical Ablation Treatment – 36.5% vs 65.6% freedom from AF
- LAACS Left Atrial Appendage Closure by Surgery 2017 –
IABP
- BCIS-1
- PROTECT II
- IABP-SHOCK
Embolic protection devices
Cardiogard/EmbolX in AVR
Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Retrograde Autologous Priming
CPBVent – awaiting
Chi 2017 Medicine – MA:n=1162 CPB ventilation improves gases but not lung complications/hospital stay
Ranucci 2015 JAHA – RCT:n=116 Fibrinogen vs placebo in reducing RBC tx – OR 0.4
Siepe 2010 EJCTS – RCT:n=92 High perfusion pressure 80-90 vs 50-60 reduces MMSE decline
EVOLUTION-ON EValuation of Patients during Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Operation: Linking UTilization of Bivalirudin to Improved Outcomes and New Anticoagulant Strategies – RCT:n=150 Bivalirudin vs Heparin for CPB showed similar outcomes but trending towards heparin being better.
Saczkowski 2012 Art Organs – MA:18 RCTs, centrifugal vs roller pumps, no difference
SIRS Steroids In caRdiac Surgery – methylpred vs placebo showed no difference in death/infection
McGuinness 2016 Anaesth – avoiding hyperoxaemia showed no difference in AKI/LOS
Congenital
- SVR I Single Ventricle Reconstruction (NEJM 2010) – RV-PA (Sano) shunt vs Subclavian-PA (modified Blalock-Taussig) shunt during stage 1 Norwood procedure – Sano better survival at 12 months (74% vs 64%)
- SVR II (Circ 2014) – transplant-free survival same. Sano worse hazard ratio/intervention-freedom at 3 years.
- CLARINET – Clopidogrel vs placebo in systemic-PA shunt
- Lacro NEJM 2014 – Losartan vs atenolol – no difference in dilatation in Marfan’s
- Marfan Sartan 2015 – RCT – Losartan does not limit aortic dilatation
- du Pleissis JTCVS 1997 – RCT:n=182 pH-stat vs alpha-stat showed lower morbidity/quicker recovery of EEG activity