Upper Limb

Orientate the scapula, clavicle, humerus.

• Scapula – supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, spine, notch, acromion, coracoid, glenoid fossa
• Humerus – head, surgical & anatomical necks, greater & lesser tuberosities, bicipital & radial grooves, medial & lateral epicondyles, trochlea & capitulum, olecranon fossa.

Identify sites of humeral fracture and associated nerve injuries.

• Surgical neck – axillary nerve
• Shaft – radial nerve
• Medial epicondyle – ulnar nerve

Rotator cuff (origins, attachments, nerve supply)

• Greater tuberosity: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus & Teres minor;  Lesser tuberosity – Subscapularis
• Supraspinatus & Infraspinatus – Suprascapular nerve (from upper trunk of brachial plexus); Teres minor – Branch of axillary nerve; Subscapularis – Upper and lower subscapular nerves

Cubital fossa: boundaries and contents

• Imaginary line between lateral & medial epicondyles, pronator teres, brachioradialis
• Median nerve, Brachial artery, Bicipital tendon, Median cubital vein

Nerve injuries

• Erb-Duchenne
• Klumpke’s
• Median nerve at the axilla, elbow, wrist
• Radial nerve at the axilla, elbow, wrist
• Ulnar nerve paradox

Reflexes and dermatomes

• Biceps
• Triceps
• Supinator

Lower Limb

Hip fracture – blood supply
Structures encountered during hip operations
Pelvic fractures
Sciatica – course of the nerve, nerve roots
Tibial plateau fractures
Compartment syndrome – muscles and blood vessels, incision
Ankle fractures, Weber classification, Maisonneuve fractures
Ankle sprains – ligaments.
Paediatric – Salter-Harris classification, SUFE, Perthes